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Pyrroloquinoline Quinone
(PQQ)

Limited research available·3/10
A higher score indicates better study conditions, but not necessarily effectiveness.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a redox cofactor and antioxidant supporting mitochondrial health, with potential cognitive and cardiovascular benefits.

Sleep ImprovementCardiovascular SupportCognitive EnhancementAntioxidantNeuroprotectiveEnergy SupportWeight Management
dose range
10–20 mg
Once daily
Consumption
Take with a meal to enhance absorption.
Not fat-soluble.
Best time
Morning or with the first meal of the day is common.

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Description

PQQ, sometimes called methoxatin, is a compound found in some foods and in trace amounts in the body. It's not considered an essential vitamin for humans but serves as a potent antioxidant and is involved in energy metabolism.

benefits
Main effects with level of evidence
Limited
Note on evidence

Human evidence for PQQ's health benefits is preliminary; most studies are small or in animals.

Cognitive Enhancement

Limited

PQQ may support memory, learning, and overall cognitive performance, possibly by protecting neurons and reducing oxidative stress.

Particularly relevant for: older adults · people seeking cognitive support
S3 · Neuroprotective and Cognitive Effects of PQQ (Review) – PMC8533503S6 · Examine.com – Pyrroloquinoline Quinone

Supports Mitochondrial Health

Limited

PQQ encourages mitochondrial biogenesis, potentially improving cellular energy production and vitality.

Particularly relevant for: adults with fatigue · those seeking cellular health
S4 · ScienceDirect – Pyrroloquinoline quinone and mitochondrial biogenesisS3 · Neuroprotective and Cognitive Effects of PQQ (Review) – PMC8533503

Antioxidant Effects

Limited

Acts as a strong antioxidant, helping neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which may contribute to healthy aging.

Particularly relevant for: adults interested in healthy aging
S1 · Healthline – PQQ Supplement Benefits and UsesS3 · Neuroprotective and Cognitive Effects of PQQ (Review) – PMC8533503S6 · Examine.com – Pyrroloquinoline Quinone

May Support Cardiovascular Health

Limited

Early studies suggest PQQ might reduce inflammation and oxidative damage, possibly supporting heart and vascular health.

Particularly relevant for: people seeking heart health support
S1 · Healthline – PQQ Supplement Benefits and UsesS4 · ScienceDirect – Pyrroloquinoline quinone and mitochondrial biogenesis

Last updated:

This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice.
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This website is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice or professional services. The information provided should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problem or disease. Persons requiring medical advice should consult a licensed physician.