Milk thistle extract, derived from the Silybum marianum plant, has been used for centuries to treat liver and biliary disorders. Its active component, silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans, offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular supplement for liver and metabolic health [1].

Health Benefits

Liver Health: Milk thistle is widely used for liver conditions like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease. Some studies suggest it reduces inflammation and damage, but evidence is mixed, requiring further research [1,2].
Diabetes Management: Research shows silymarin may lower blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, with studies reporting significant reductions in glucose levels [2,3].
Antioxidant Effects: Silymarin’s antioxidant properties may protect cells from oxidative stress and reduce inflammation, potentially benefiting various conditions [1].

Additional benefits, such as supporting bone health, aiding cancer treatment, and improving acne, are under investigation but lack robust evidence [1].

Dosage and Safety

Common dosages range from 200 to 400 mg of silymarin daily, divided into 2–3 doses with meals to enhance absorption. Higher doses may be used under medical supervision [3]. Side effects include mild gastrointestinal upset. Avoid in individuals allergic to Asteraceae plants, during pregnancy, or with hormone-sensitive conditions due to possible estrogenic effects. Silymarin may interact with liver-metabolized drugs [2].

Conclusion

Milk thistle extract shows promise for liver health and diabetes management, with potential antioxidant benefits. While generally safe, its mixed evidence and interactions warrant caution. Consult a healthcare provider before use.